Improved Quality of Life After Mandibular Advancement by Bilateral Internal Ramus Distraction.

BACKGROUND: Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) is a significant health issue due to noncompliance with continuous positive airway pressure treatment. Therefore, evaluating alternative treatments is crucial. PURPOSE: Analyze the impact of maxillomandibular advancement using bilateral internal ramus distraction (BIRD) on quality of life (QOL) in OSA patients. STUDY DESIGN, SETTING, AND SAMPLE: A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department of the University Hospital "La Princesa." The study included patients with moderate to severe OSA who were treated with the BIRD approach. PREDICTOR VARIABLE: Changes in measured variables were analyzed at three time points: before surgery (T1), after mandibular advancement (T2), and after maxillary advancement (T3). MAIN OUTCOME VARIABLE(S): QOL changes measured by Quebec Sleep Questionnaire and the Epworth Sleepiness Scale. Secondary outcomes included: apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), oxygen desaturation index, and percentage of time with saturation below 90%. COVARIATES: Age, sex, continuous positive airway pressure treatment, cephalometric variables and cardiovascular risk parameters were considered. ANALYSES: Statistical analysis employed the Friedman test and χ2 test, with a significance level of P ≤ .05. RESULTS: The study included 32 patients (22% with moderate OSA, 78% with severe OSA). Epworth Sleepiness Scale scores significantly decreased between T1 (13.4 ± 4.4) and T2 (5.8 ± 3.6) and T3 (1.9 ± 1.8) (P < .001). QOL improvements were observed in all domains: daytime sleepiness T1 (3.0 ± 1.3) T2 (5.4 ± 1.4) T3 (6.3 ± 1.0); diurnal symptoms T1 (2.5 ± 1.4) T2 (5.2 ± 1.3) T3 (6.2 ± 1.1); nocturnal symptoms T1 (2.5 ± 1.1) T2 (5.6 ± 1.1) T3 (6.5 ± 0.8); emotions T1 (2.6 ± 1.6) T2 (5.3 ± 1.4) T3 (6.5 ± 0.9); and social interaction T1 (2.5 ± 1.6) T2 (5.4 ± 1.6) T3 (6.3 ± 1.2) (P < .001). AHI decreased between T1 (47.9 ± 23.1) and T2 (14.4 ± 14.3) and T3 (4.7 ± 5.6) h-1 (P < .001), with a final cure rate of 81.2% (defined as final AHI<5 h-1). Oxygen desaturation index and percentage of time with saturation below 90% also showed significant reductions (P < .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: BIRD approach for OSA demonstrated a high cure rate and significant QOL improvements. It shows promise as an effective surgical option. Further research and long-term follow-up are needed.

Adenitis cervical unilateral por Staphylococcus aereus en un paciente adulto. Presentación de un caso / Unilateral cervical adenitis due to staphylococcus aereus in an adult patient. Case report

Debido a que en más del 50 % de los casos la aparición de adenopatías en mayores de 40 años es de probable etiología tumoral, el manejo de masas cervicales del paciente adulto debe incluir las pruebas necesarias para descartar un proceso maligno.El diagnóstico diferencial es fundamental en este tipo de lesiones, identificando los factores de riesgo, síntomas y signos que orienten hacia la etiología (congénita, neoplásica, inflamatoria o infecciosa).Por lo que se refiere a las adenopatías cervicales de causa infecciosa son más frecuentes en los niños. Sin embargo, habitualmente los adultos también las desarrollan como consecuencia de patología oral o faringoamigdalar. En estos casos, se observa una rápida respuesta ante el tratamiento empírico. No obstante, si no se produce la resolución del cuadro con dicho tratamiento en 2-3 semanas, es necesaria la ampliación del estudio mediante pruebas complementarias. Se presenta un caso clínico infrecuente en la literatura de lindadenitis supurada por Staphylococcus aereus en región cervical, en una mujer de 45 años que acudió al servicio de urgencias con clínica de masa cervical a estudio. (AU)

Due to the fact that in more than 50 % of cases the appearance of adenopathy in patients over 40 years of age is of probable tumor etiology, the management of cervical masses in adult patients should include the necessary tests to rule out a malignant process.The differential diagnosis is fundamental in this type of lesions, identifying the risk factors, symptoms and signs that orient towards the etiology (congenital, neoplastic, inflammatory or infectious).As concerns cervical adenopathies of infectious cause, they are more frequent in children. However, adults also usually develop them as a consequence of oral or pharyngotonsillar pathology. In these cases, a rapid response to empirical treatment is observed. However, if there is no resolution of the picture with such treatment within 2-3 weeks, it is necessary to extend the study by means of complementary tests. We present a rare case of suppurative lymphadenitis due to Staphylococcus aereus in the cervical region in a 45-year-old woman who presented to the emergency department with a cervical mass. (AU)

Enfermedad ampollosa autoimnume de cavidad oral: pénfigo vulgar. A propósito de un caso clínico / Blistering autoimmune disease of the oral cavity: pemphigus vulgaris. Case report

Las enfermedades ampollosas de cavidad oral son un grupo de enfermedades poco frecuente y de carácter autoinmune. Se conocen seis formas de pénfigo: vulgar, vegetante, inmunoglobulina A, foliáceo, eritematoso y paraneoplásico. Este tipo de lesiones pueden presentarse de los 50 a los 65 años de edad, existiendo una predilección por el sexo femenino. La manifestación inicial se produce en la cavidad oral como ulceraciones múltiples precedidas por ampollas que se rompen y luego se extienden a otras membranas mucosas y la piel, y en ciertas ocasiones a nivel esofágico, cursando este con odinofagia y disfagia. Es fundamental el diagnóstico, así como un tratamiento precoz de estos pacientes. Actualmente se obtiene un mejor pronóstico y evolución en aquellos pacientes que presentan una respuesta rápida al tratamiento con corticoides

Blistering diseases of the oral cavity are rare and autoimmune disease. Six types of penis are characterized: vulgar, vegetative, immunoglobulin A, foliaceous, erythematous and paraneoplastic. This type of injury can occur at 50 years of age, with a predilection for females. The initial manifestation occurs in the oral cavity as multiple ulcerations preceded by blisters that rupture and then spread to other mucous membranes and skin, and sometimes at the esophageal level, with odynophagia and dysphagia. It is fundamental the diagnosis as well as an early treatment of these patients, currently there is a better prognosis and a better evolution in those patients who present a rapid response to treatment with corticosteroids

Edema facial por silicona tratado con minociclina: presentación de un caso / Facial swelling by silicone treated with minocycline

Actualmente las sustancias de relleno son la forma más popular para el rejuvenecimiento facial y el aumento de los tejidos. Existen varios problemas añadidos que han condicionado el aumento de las complicaciones con los materiales de relleno, que son el uso de sustancias adulteradas, la inyección de varios materiales en la misma zona o la administración por personal no entrenado/autorizado. Varias investigaciones sugieren que la ecografía de alta frecuencia (EAF) es una herramienta útil, de bajo coste y no invasiva para demostrar el tipo material de relleno e identificar el lugar de inyección y la cantidad de material inyectado. Presentamos en caso de una mujer de 64 años que presentaba edema hemifacial después de 15 años de haberse inyectado silicona líquida (SIL) en los labios, tratada con minociclina, mostrando mejoría clínica significativa

Currently injectable materials are popular for facial rejuvenation and soft tissue augmentation. There are some added problems, which have been conditioned by the increase in complications with fillers, that are the use of adulterated materials, injections of various types of substances in the same area or because administration by inexperienced/untrained professionals. Several studies suggest that high frequency ultrasound (HUS) is an economical, useful and non-invasive diagnostic tool to determine the nature and type of material and to identify the injection site and quantity of injected filler. We report a case of a 64-year-old woman who presented hemifacial swelling after 15 years of being injected with 1 infiltration of liquid injectable silicone (LIS) in the lips, treated with Minocycline, showing a significant clinical improvement

Potential of Melatonin as Adjuvant Therapy of Oral Cancer in the Era of Epigenomics.

The wide variety of epigenetic controls available is rapidly expanding the knowledge of molecular biology even overflowing it. At the same time, it can illuminate unsuspected ways of understanding the etiology of cancer. New emerging therapeutic horizons, then, promise to overcome the current antitumor strategies need. The translational utility of this complexity is particularly welcome in oral cancer (OC), in which natural history is alarmingly disappointing due to the invasive and mutilating surgery, the high relapsing rate, the poor quality of life and the reduced survival after diagnosis. Melatonin activates protective receptor-dependent and receptor-independent processes that prevent tissue cancerisation and inhibit progressive tumor malignancy and metastasis. Related evidence has shown that melatonin pleiotropy encompasses gene expression regulation through all the three best-characterized epigenetic mechanisms: DNA methylation, chromatin modification, and non-coding RNA. OC has received less attention than other cancers despite prognosis is usually negative and there are no significant therapy improvements recorded in the past decade. However, a large research effort is being carried out to elucidate how melatonin´s machinery can prevent epigenetic insults that lead to cancer. In the light of recent findings, a comprehensive examination of biochemistry through which melatonin may reverse epigenetic aberrations in OC is an extraordinary opportunity to take a step forward in the clinical management of patients.

Apnea obstructiva del sueño: un abordaje innovador mínimamente invasivo mediante distracción de rama mandibular / Obstructive sleep apnoea: An innovative minimally invasive approach using mandibular branch distraction

Presentamos un nuevo abordaje mínimamente invasivo mediante distracción intraoral de rama mandibular bilateral (bilateral internal ramus distraction) para el tratamiento del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño en el paciente adulto. Tras la planificación virtual 3D, el paciente es intervenido bajo anestesia general y asistencia endoscópica, dentro de un protocolo de cirugía mayor ambulatoria, y es dado de alta el mismo día de la cirugía. Tras un periodo de 5días, la rama mandibular se alarga verticalmente durante un periodo que oscila entre 10 y 50 días, a un ritmo de 0,5 a 1mm diario, hasta que el índice de apnea hipopnea alcanza una cifra inferior a 5 pausas por hora (nivel de curación) o el resalte negativo dentario (overjet) se sitúa en valores que ya superan los 10mm. La titulación del procedimiento mediante parámetros clínicos, poligráficos o polisomnográficos permite al cirujano personalizar el avance mandibular en cada caso. Tras un alargamiento que suele oscilar entre 10 y 25mm, los distractores se mantienen durante 6meses hasta que concluye el periodo de consolidación. La indicación de cirugía maxilar tras el avance mandibular se realizará en dependencia del índice de apnea hipopnea residual, de la oclusión y del análisis facial. La distracción intraoral de rama mandibular bilateral es una técnica altamente efectiva para la curación del síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño en pacientes adultos con o sin retrognatia, y podría estar indicada incluso en pacientes con morbilidades asociadas, como enfermedades cardiovasculares graves u obesidad mórbida, en los que un procedimiento quirúrgico de mayor envergadura, como el avance maxilomandibular clásico, se descarta como alternativa quirúrgica

An innovative and minimally invasive approach for adult obstructive sleep apnoea by using bilateral internal ramus distraction osteogenesis of the mandible is presented. After a careful virtual 3D planning, mandibular distraction surgery is performed under general anaesthesia and endoscopic assistance, using a major ambulatory surgery protocol, with the patient being discharged home the same day. After an initial latency of 5days, the ascending ramus is gradually lengthened vertically during a period varying between 10 and 50 days, at a rate of 0.5mm to 1mm daily, until an apnoea-hypopnoea index below 5/h is achieved (cure level), and/or a negative overjet>10mm is reached. Titration of the procedure according to clinical criteria with the assistance of polygraphy and/or polysomnography allows the clinician to customise the mandibular advancement to each particular case. After a mandibular ramus lengthening ranging between 10 and 25mm, the distraction devices are kept in place for 6months after completion of the consolidation period. Bilateral internal ramus distraction is a highly effective surgical technique in curing obstructive sleep apnoea in adults with or without retrognathia, and could be indicated even in patients with comorbidities, such as cardiovascular disease or morbid obesity, in which a major surgical procedure, i.e. conventional maxillomandibular advancement, should be discouraged

Zygomatic distraction osteogenesis for correction of midfacial support after hemimaxillectomy: experience and technical considerations.

PURPOSE: The maxilla is the functional and esthetic keystone of the midface, and large maxillary defects remain a challenge for reconstructive surgery. Different regional and microvascularized flaps have been used to restore the hemimaxilla. Distraction osteogenesis offers an alternative to complex flaps, with less donor-site morbidity. This method is also preferable as a secondary reconstruction in cases of serious bone defects where other flaps have failed. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Four patients with maxillary defects after oncologic ablation presented at a mean follow-up period of 36 months (standard deviation, 18 mo). In these patients, transport distraction osteogenesis of the zygoma was used to restore the bony support of the low maxilla. RESULTS: After a latency period of 15 days, distraction began at a rate of 0.5 mm/day. A 2-step distraction, by changing the direction of the zygomatic device, was carried out in 3 cases. After a consolidation period of 4 to 6 months for each distraction, the devices were removed and the bone edges were joined together with an autogenous bone graft (anterior iliac crest and calvaria). A good quality of bone was observed in the distracted gap, which allowed for postoperative dental implant placement and prosthetic rehabilitation. CONCLUSION: In patients with large maxillary defects in which the remaining bone is insufficient and in patients in whom other reconstructive methods have failed, zygomatic distraction is an excellent option to restore the low projection of the maxilla. Bone transport was found to be a stable reconstructive method that allowed for the restoration of function and esthetics in oncologic patients.

Riesgo de fractura implantaria en relación con el diámetro y la plataforma del implante: estudio clínico y analítico de una serie de 33 casos / No disponible

Objetivos. Evaluar la importancia del diseño del implante en el desarrollo de la fractura, en cuanto al tipo de conexión protésica y la diferencia de diámetros entre la plataforma y el cuerpo del implante. Material y métodos. Se analiza un grupo de 33 implantes fracturados entre los años 2000 y 2009. Se recogen los datos relacionados con el implante y la rehabilitación protésica, y se compararon la existencia de diferencias significativas entre el tipo de conexión del implante y entre el tipo de plataforma para los implantes de conexión externa (diámetro 3,75mm o superior frente a 3,4mm de plataforma 4,1). Resultados. Las 33 fracturas acontecieron en un total de 23 pacientes, 13 de estas fracturas (8 pacientes) provenían de otros centros y las 20 restantes (15 pacientes) se recogieron sobre un total de 2.765 implantes colocados en nuestra consulta. Dentro de este grupo, se comparó la frecuencia de fractura de los implantes de 3,4mm frente a los de 3,75mm o superior (ambos con la misma plataforma de 4,1mm), encontrando diferencias significativas entre ambos grupos (p=0,02). Sin embargo, no se encontraron diferencias entre la conexión protésica externa frente a la interna (p=0,7). Conclusiones. La fractura implantaría es una complicación infrecuente. La incidencia en nuestro grupo de pacientes fue del 0,72%. El riesgo de fractura se relaciona con el diseño del implante, y es elevado en implantes que tienen gran diferencia de diámetros entre la zona superior y el cuerpo, es decir, en implantes estrechos que tienen una plataforma ancha. El tipo de conexión protésica parece no tener relación(AU)

No disponible

A 12-year retrospective analytic study of the implant survival rate in 177 consecutive maxillary sinus augmentation procedures.

PURPOSE: This retrospective study sought to demonstrate the outcome of maxillary sinus elevation surgery in a series of 177 procedures performed over 12 years and to determine the existence of variables that could independently predict implant survival. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective descriptive and analytic study of a series of maxillary sinus elevation procedures performed between 1996 and 2007 was undertaken. The sample was composed of patients with severe atrophy of the posterior maxilla who had been rehabilitated with osseointegrated implants placed in grafted maxillary sinuses. Several features of the patients (smoking habit, presence of comorbidities, and previous oral carcinoma) and of the surgical procedure (grafting material, associated procedures, associated materials, simultaneous/delayed implant placement, and complications) related to implant survival or failure were monitored during the follow-up period. Implant survival and the existence of variables that could predict implant survival independently were analyzed statistically. RESULTS: One hundred seventy-seven sinus augmentation procedures were performed in 119 consecutive patients (mean age 50.02 years; SD 11.5). Of the 272 implants placed in sinus-augmented regions, 19 were lost. The mean follow-up period was 60.7 months (SD 36.5). The overall cumulative implant survival rate was 93% after 5 years. The multivariate analysis showed that the presence of complications related to the sinus augmentation procedure (membrane perforation and sinusitis) and peri-implantitis were factors in predicting implant failure. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of this retrospective analysis, it might be concluded that sinus augmentation is a very versatile procedure. Its efficacy and predictability in terms of implant survival rate is extremely high and independent of the graft material, surgical technique, associated comorbidities, smoking habits, and timing of implant placement. Complications such as membrane perforation, sinusitis, and peri-implantitis appeared to influence implant failure.

Prognostic factors influencing contralateral neck lymph node metastases in oral and oropharyngeal carcinoma.

PURPOSE: The prognostic influence of different clinicopathologic factors in contralateral lymph node metastases of oral and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) has been rarely described in the literature. Prediction of these contralateral metastases may be of relevance because this factor is strongly associated with poor prognosis. This study analyzed the relationship between predictor factors and the development of contralateral metastases in oral and oropharyngeal SCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A series of 402 cases of oral and oropharyngeal SCC were analyzed retrospectively. Unilateral neck dissection was carried out in 190 patients, bilateral neck dissection in 101, and tumor resection without neck dissection in 111. The log-rank test was used for survival analysis of contralateral metastases. Correlation between different clinicopathologic factors and the presence of contralateral metastases was studied with the chi(2) test for univariate analysis and logistic regression for association of these factors and contralateral metastases in the multivariate analysis (P < .05). RESULTS: Of the patients, 20 (5.1%) had primary positive contralateral metastases in neck dissection specimens and 19 (4.8%) had contralateral recurrences at follow-up. When the 2 groups were taken into consideration, the rate of contralateral metastases of the series was 9%. Gender, tumor location, homolateral positive nodes, tumor extension across the midline, histologic grade, margin status, pattern of growth, and perineural spread were correlated with contralateral metastases in the univariate analysis (P < .05). However, homolateral lymph node metastases and extension across the midline were the most important predictors of contralateral metastases (P < .01) on multivariate logistic regression analysis. Positive contralateral metastases showed a strong correlation with a poor prognosis for survival in this study (P < .05). CONCLUSION: Oral and oropharyngeal carcinomas with homolateral positive lymph nodes and tumor extension across the midline are at higher risk of contralateral lymph node involvement. Prediction of contralateral metastases may be useful in planning more aggressive therapies in patients with head and neck SCC with poor prognostic criteria.

Giant aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandible with unusual presentation

Aneurysmal bone cysts are rare benign lesions of bone tissue, infrequent in craneofacial skeleton with regard to other structures like long bones or the spine. They are composed of sinusoidal and vascular spaces blood-filled and surrounded by fibrous tissue septa. We present a case of a 29-year-old Caucasian male with a big swelling in the left mandible associated to pain and rapid growth. He referred previous extraction of the left inferior third molar. On the X-ray study, an expansive multilocular and high vascularized bony lesion within the mandibular angle was observed. It produced expansion and destruction of lingual and buccal cortex. An incisional biopsy was performed showing a fibrous tissue with blood-filled spaces lesion suggestive of an aneurysmal bone cyst. After selective embolization of the tumour, surgical resection was done with curettage and immediate reconstruction of the defect with an anterior iliac crest graft. Aneurysmal bone cysts are non-neoplastic but locally aggressive tumours with occasional rapid growth that may be differenciated from other multilocular process like ameloblastoma, ossifying fibroma, epithelial cyst, giant cell granuloma and sarcomas. Treatment of choice consists on conservative surgical excision of the mass with curettage or enucleation. When resection creates a big defect, primary surgical reconstruction is recommended (AU)

Giant aneurysmal bone cyst of the mandible with unusual presentation.

Aneurysmal bone cysts are rare benign lesions of bone tissue, infrequent in craneofacial skeleton with regard to other structures like long bones or the spine. They are composed of sinusoidal and vascular spaces blood-filled and surrounded by fibrous tissue septa. We present a case of a 29-year-old Caucasian male with a big swelling in the left mandible associated to pain and rapid growth. He referred previous extraction of the left inferior third molar. On the X-ray study, an expansive multilocular and high vascularized bony lesion within the mandibular angle was observed. It produced expansion and destruction of lingual and buccal cortex. An incisional biopsy was performed showing a fibrous tissue with blood-filled spaces lesion suggestive of an aneurysmal bone cyst. After selective embolization of the tumour, surgical resection was done with curettage and immediate reconstruction of the defect with an anterior iliac crest graft. Aneurysmal bone cysts are non-neoplastic but locally aggressive tumours with occasional rapid growth that may be differentiated from other multilocular process like ameloblastoma, ossifying fibroma, epithelial cyst, giant cell granuloma and sarcomas. Treatment of choice consists on conservative surgical excision of the mass with curettage or enucleation. When resection creates a big defect, primary surgical reconstruction is recommended.

Le Fort I osteotomy, bilateral sinus lift, and inlay bone-grafting for reconstruction in the severely atrophic maxilla: a new vision of the sandwich technique, using bone scrapers and piezosurgery.

Severe atrophy of the edentulous maxilla and progressive pneumatisation of the maxillary sinus can compromise the insertion of dental implants. In this context, ideal implant positioning is limited by inadequate height, width, and quality of the bone. Le Fort I osteotomy and interpositional bone graft is an excellent treatment concept for the dental rehabilitation of patients with atrophied maxilla and reversed intermaxillary relationship. In this report, we indicate the transcendent aspect of elevation and preservation of maxillary sinus and nasal mucosa, modifying the sandwich technique by the useful of bone scrapers and piezosurgery. The procedure is described including a 1-stage approach using cortico-cancellous bone blocks through which implants are placed. In the extremely atrophied alveolar process of the maxilla, this technique provides the desired gain of bone, allows for the ideal placement of dental implants, and improves any discrepancy between the upper and lower arches.